Why do leaves change color in the fall? Why do some trees turn yellow or red while others stay green?
Context This question explores the fascinating phenomenon of autumn leaf color changes, particularly the variation in color among different tree species. Simple Answer In the summer, leaves are green because of a special ingredient called chlorophyll, which helps trees make food from sunlight. As fall arrives, days get shorter and colder, and trees prepare for winter by stopping their food-making process. Chlorophyll breaks down, revealing other pigments (colors) that were hidden all summer, like yellow and orange. Some trees have special pigments called anthocyanins that create vibrant reds and purples, which are made in the fall as the tree removes sugar from its leaves. Trees that stay green year-round, like evergreens, have special needles that don't lose chlorophyll in the fall, allowing them to continue making food throughout the year. Detailed Answer The vibrant colors of autumn leaves are a result of a fascinating process that happens as trees prepare for winter. During the...